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Falling Crop Prices Threaten U.S. Farmers in 2025

Rural America is in trouble, and it’s not just a bad harvest, it’s a full-blown economic squeeze. Corn prices have plunged over 50% since peaking in 2022, while soybean prices have dropped about 40%. At the same time, production costs, from fertilizer to machinery, haven’t budged, leaving farmers scraping by on razor-thin margins. For many, the math is simple: low prices plus high costs equals financial stress that could push farms to the breaking point.

Trade disputes are making the situation worse. China, historically the largest buyer of U.S. soybeans, has increasingly turned to South American producers like Brazil. That means American farmers are losing customers they once counted on. The American Soybean Association described it bluntly: “U.S. soybean farmers cannot survive a prolonged trade dispute with our largest customer.” With harvest season looming and no commitments from China in sight, the clock is ticking for soybean growers.

Corn farmers face a similar challenge. The National Corn Growers Association reports that farmers are losing roughly 85 cents per bushel. Looking ahead, the outlook is even bleaker: prices may fall further while costs creep higher. To cope, groups are urging lawmakers and policymakers to boost demand through higher ethanol blends and better access to export markets. But these solutions take time to implement, leaving farmers caught in a financial squeeze in the meantime.

Credit conditions aren’t helping. Federal Reserve surveys show that liquidity is tight, with farmers across key regions reporting lower repayment rates than last year. Roughly 30–50% of farmers in several Fed districts are struggling to pay off loans, forcing them to rely on more financing just to keep operations running. In short, stress is mounting not just in fields, but in the banks and offices that support farming.

Yes, government assistance is on the way. The $66 billion One Big Beautiful Bill Act includes $59 billion for farm safety nets. That’s significant, but it’s temporary relief, not a fix. The real solution lies in stable prices, stronger international demand, and long-term market access. Deals with countries like Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and the Philippines offer some hope, but turning those agreements into reliable income will take months, not weeks.

This crisis is a wake-up call. Farming isn’t just about planting seeds and harvesting crops, it’s a high-stakes business deeply tied to global trade, policy decisions, and market volatility. Rural America may be resilient, but resilience has limits. Farmers aren’t just facing numbers on a page; they’re dealing with real-world consequences that affect families, communities, and local economies.

For anyone paying attention, the lesson is clear: supporting U.S. agriculture goes beyond subsidies. It’s about creating sustainable markets, predictable trade relationships, and financial tools that let farmers weather storms without risking everything. The people growing our food deserve more than temporary fixes, they deserve a future they can count on.

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